The Biological Determinism: Implications of Biological Perspective on Pakhtuns’ Criminal and Violent Instinct: A Literary and Empirical Argument

Abstract

Criminality has been determined and considered as a behavioral deviation of degeneracy having diverse and dynamic patterns integrated and originated from the individual and the social structure. There exists a hot debate among the social scientists and experts in biology pertaining to the patterns behind criminality especially violence. The Lombroso’s “born criminal” theory has been heavily debated and confounded by the social researchers, drawing the attention towards social forces influencing criminality. This research is an attempt to understand, diagnose and apply the patterns discussed and elaborated in biological perspective regarding formation of the criminal instincts. The study is framed under the argumentative and library research accumulated with the empirical advents, examples and social facts existing in the very society of Pakhtuns. The study finds that the principles of biological theory especially Lombrosian and Sheldon’s approach have marked existence in creation of violent masculinities among Pakhtuns. The article provides an insight about the basic principles of biological theory, along-with criticism of such perspective and contrarily implications of its principles on Pakhtuns’ men.