Comparative Analysis of Jirga System as a Socio- Cultural Heritage in the Pre and Post Militancy in Swat

Abstract

This paper evaluates the Jirga's significance as a socio-cultural legacy in Swat District and considers how militancy has affected its evolution. By comparing the pre- and post-militancy eras, the study employs a qualitative research methodology to investigate how conflict affects an established institution (jirga). In the pre – militancy, jirga served as revered and respected institution in district Swat. But the Taliban insurgency targeted many formal and informal institutions in the region, including jirga. They created a system of their own which diminished the effectiveness of jirga system. Most of the elders and leaders of a jirga system were killed and some were kidnapped in the region. This research study is conducted in District Swat through qualitative research methodology. The data was collected from 13 participants through in-depth interview. The collected data was then analyzed by thematic analysis. Moreover, the results show that militancy had a significant negative impact on the Jirga, a crucial institution in Pashtun society. Its initial cultural importance was lost as a result of changes made to its structure, role, and operating procedures by societal pressure and governmental compulsion rather than spontaneous change. In addition, the local population overwhelmingly resented the newly forced framework, and popular confidence in the Jirga declined. This brought attention to the conflict's wider societal repercussions by increasing insecurity and escalating domestic conflicts.x