Impact of Work Motivation on Job Satisfaction: The Role of Employee Reward, Training and Islamic Work Accommodation

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##

Muhammad Saleem Ashraf
Fiaz Ahmad Sulehri
Marc Audi
Syeda Ambreen Fatima Bukhari
Habiba Azam
Amjad Ali

Abstract

The role of work motivation is of paramount importance in establishing a correlation among several organizational practices, including employee awards, training, Islamic work accommodation, and the degree of job happiness seen by employees. Acquiring understanding and proficiently managing this intermediate role holds significant significance for businesses aiming to enhance overall employee satisfaction and performance. The objective of this study is to analyze the intricate relationships among employee awards, training programs, Islamic work accommodations, work motivation, and job satisfaction within the banking sector of Pakistan. Through a comprehensive examination of prevailing academic literature, we have formulated hypotheses to explore the direct and indirect effects of these variables within the distinct framework of organizational settings. The present study utilizes mediation analytic approaches within its research design to investigate the mediating role of work motivation in the association between employee reward, training, Islamic work accommodation, and job satisfaction. The findings of this study hold significance in both scholarly and applied domains. The researchers contribute to the existing body of knowledge by providing a clearer understanding of the intricate dynamics that take place among these crucial elements within the work environment.

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

How to Cite
[1]
Ashraf, M.S. , Sulehri, F.A. , Audi, M. , Bukhari, S.A.F. , Azam, H. and Ali, A. 2024. Impact of Work Motivation on Job Satisfaction: The Role of Employee Reward, Training and Islamic Work Accommodation. Journal of Policy Research. 10, 2 (Jun. 2024), 515–524. DOI:https://doi.org/10.61506/02.00263.

References

  1. Abdelhamied, Hany Hosny Sayed. (2019). The Impact of Training Activities on Quality of Service, Customer Satisfaction and Behavioral Intention. Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management 7(1), 135–48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15640/jthm.v7n1a14
  2. Akram, B. (2020). Exploring the Nexus of Job Satisfaction, Role Stress, and Organizational Effectiveness: A Study in Pakistan's Textile Industry. Journal of Policy Options, 3(4), 137-142.
  3. Ali, BJ, & Anwar, G.(2021). An Empirical Study of Employees’ Motivation and Its Influence Job Satisfaction. International Journal of Engineering, Business and Management 5(2), 21–30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22161/ijebm.5.2.3
  4. Al-maaitah, Dirar AbdelAziz, Tha’er Majali, Malek Alsoud, and Tamara Adel Al-maaitah. (2021). The Role of Leadership Styles on Staffs Job Satisfaction in Public Organizations. Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government 27(1), 772–83.
  5. Ammerman, Nancy T. (2020). Rethinking Religion: Toward a Practice Approach. American Journal of Sociology 126(1), 6–51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/709779
  6. Andrew, Leviana, Siti Fatimah Abdul Latiff, and Haniz Izyan Izzati Ali. (2021). Service Quality and Client’s Satisfaction: A Case Study among Employees at a Government Agency in Kota Samarahan towards Counter Services in Urban Transformation Centre (UTC) Kuching. E-Academia Journal 10(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.24191/e-aj.v10i2.16288
  7. Ann, Saehya, and Shane C. Blum. (2020). Motivating Senior Employees in the Hospitality Industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 32(1), 324–46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-08-2018-0685
  8. Aziri, Brikend. (2011). Job Satisfaction: A Literature Review. Management Research & Practice 3(4).
  9. Basalamah, Muhammad Syafii A., and Ajmal As’ad. (2021). The Role of Work Motivation and Work Environment in Improving Job Satisfaction. Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management 1(2), 94–103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52970/grhrm.v1i2.54
  10. Bhardwaj, Atishree, Swati Mishra, and Trilok Kumar Jain. (2021). An Analysis to Understanding the Job Satisfaction of Employees in Banking Industry. Materials Today: Proceedings 37, 170–74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.783
  11. Carnevale, Joel B., and Isabella Hatak. (2020). Employee Adjustment and Well-Being in the Era of COVID-19: Implications for Human Resource Management. Journal of Business Research 116, 183–87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.05.037
  12. Chadwick, Clint, and Carol Flinchbaugh. (2021). Searching for Competitive Advantage in the HRM-Firm Performance Relationship. Academy of Management Perspectives 35(2), 181–207. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2018.0065
  13. Chauhan, Preeti. (2019). Intrinsic and Extrinsic Reward on Employee Performance. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews 6(2), 265–68.
  14. Ciobanu, Alina, Armenia Androniceanu, and George Lazaroiu. (2019). An Integrated Psycho-Sociological Perspective on Public Employees’ Motivation and Performance. Frontiers in Psychology 10, 36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00036
  15. Dahalan, Fazlida, Norlidah Alias, and Mohd Shahril Nizam Shaharom. (2023). Gamification and Game Based Learning for Vocational Education and Training: A Systematic Literature Review. Education and Information Technologies 1–39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11548-w
  16. Davidescu, Adriana AnaMaria, Simona-Andreea Apostu, Andreea Paul, and Ionut Casuneanu. (2020). Work Flexibility, Job Satisfaction, and Job Performance among Romanian Employees—Implications for Sustainable Human Resource Management. Sustainability 12(15), 6086. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12156086
  17. Dhamija, Pavitra, Shivam Gupta, and Surajit Bag. (2019). Measuring of Job Satisfaction: The Use of Quality of Work Life Factors. Benchmarking: An International Journal 26(3), 871–92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-06-2018-0155
  18. Etherington, Matthew. (2019). Religion as a Workplace Issue, A Narrative Inquiry of Two People—One Muslim and the Other Christian. SAGE Open 9(3), 2158244019862729. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019862729
  19. Ferreira, Rafael, Ruben Pereira, Isaías Scalabrin Bianchi, and Miguel Mira da Silva. (2021). Decision Factors for Remote Work Adoption: Advantages, Disadvantages, Driving Forces and Challenges. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 7(1), 70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010070
  20. Fulmer, Ingrid Smithey, and Junting Li. (2022). Compensation, Benefits, and Total Rewards: A Bird’s-Eye (Re) View. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior 9, 147–69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012420-055903
  21. Ghani, Bilqees, Muhammad Zada, Khalid Rasheed Memon, Rezwan Ullah, Afraseyab Khattak, Heesup Han, Antonio Ariza-Montes, and Luis Araya-Castillo. (2022). Challenges and Strategies for Employee Retention in the Hospitality Industry: A Review. Sustainability 14(5), 2885. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052885
  22. Haider, Maqsood, Alamzeb Aamir, A. A. Hamid, and Muhammad Hashim. (2015). A Literature Analysis on the Importance of Non-Financial Rewards for Employees’ Job Satisfaction. Abasyn Journal of Social Sciences 8(2), 341–54.
  23. Hayat, Amir, and Muhammad Atif Aslam Rao. (2020). An Analytical Discourse on Islamic Precept of Ihsān and Labour Productivity. Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization 10(1), 136–55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.101.07
  24. Héliot, YingFei, Ilka H. Gleibs, Adrian Coyle, Denise M. Rousseau, and Céline Rojon. (2020). Religious Identity in the Workplace: A Systematic Review, Research Agenda, and Practical Implications. Human Resource Management 59(2), 153–73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21983
  25. Ihemereze, Kelechi Chidiebere, Nsisong Louis Eyo-Udo, Blessed Afeyokalo Egbokhaebho, Chibuike Daraojimba, Uneku Ikwue, and Ekene Ezinwa Nwankwo. (2023). Impact of Monetary Incentives on Employee Performance in the Nigerian Automotive Sector, A Case Study. International Journal of Advanced Economics 5(7), 162–86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51594/ijae.v5i7.548
  26. Irabor, Ikechukwu Emmanuel, and Ugo Chuks Okolie. (2019). A Review of Employees’ Job Satisfaction and Its Affect on Their Retention. Annals of Spiru Haret University. Economic Series 19(2), 93–114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26458/1924
  27. Ismail, K., & Ali, B. (2020). Understanding the Nexus of Job Satisfaction, Job-Related Stress, and Employee Performance: A Study in the Nursing Sector of Lahore, Pakistan. Journal of Policy Options, 3(1), 26-34.
  28. James, Tabitha L., Wenqi Shen, David M. Townsend, Marc Junkunc, and Linda Wallace. (2021). Love Cannot Buy You Money: Resource Exchange on Reward‐based Crowdfunding Platforms. Information Systems Journal 31(4), 579–609. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12321
  29. John, Achanya Julius, and Cinjel Nandes Dickson. (2022). Employee Training and Employee Development in an Organization: Explaining the Difference for the Avoidance of Research Pitfalls. Public Administration: Theory and Practice in Nigeria.
  30. Kapur, Radhika. (2022). The Significance of Reward Management in Organizations. International Journal of Information, Business and Management 14(2), 83–92.
  31. Karim, Md Mobarak, Musfiq M. Choudhury, and Wasib Bin Latif. (2019). The Impact of Training and Development on Employees’ Performance: An Analysis of Quantitative Data. Noble International Journal of Business and Management Research 3(2), 25–33.
  32. Khan, M. W. (2018). A Comparative Study of Customer Satisfaction between Public and Private Banks in Lahore, Pakistan. Journal of Policy Options, 1(2), 34-41.
  33. Khan, Waseem, and Yawar Iqbal. (2013). An Investigation of the Relationship between Work Motivation (Intrinsic & Extrinsic) and Employee Engagement: A Study on Allied Bank of Pakistan.
  34. Kitsios, Fotis, and Maria Kamariotou. (2021). Job Satisfaction behind Motivation: An Empirical Study in Public Health Workers. Heliyon 7(4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06857
  35. Kollmann, Tobias, Christoph Stöckmann, Julia M. Kensbock, and Anika Peschl. (2020). What Satisfies Younger versus Older Employees, and Why? An Aging Perspective on Equity Theory to Explain Interactive Effects of Employee Age, Monetary Rewards, and Task Contributions on Job Satisfaction. Human Resource Management 59(1), 101–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21981
  36. Kooij, Dorien T. A. M., Hannes Zacher, Mo Wang, and Jutta Heckhausen. (2020). Successful Aging at Work: A Process Model to Guide Future Research and Practice. Industrial and Organizational Psychology 13(3), 345–65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/iop.2020.1
  37. Kumar, S. Pavan. (2020). Workplace Spirituality as an Antecedent of University Teachers’ Subjective Well-Being: Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction and Job Performance. Journal of Engineering Education Transformations 33(Special Issue). DOI: https://doi.org/10.16920/jeet/2020/v33i0/150082
  38. Lischewski, Julia, Susan Seeber, Eveline Wuttke, and Therese Rosemann. (2020). What Influences Participation in Non-Formal and Informal Modes of Continuous Vocational Education and Training? An Analysis of Individual and Institutional Influencing Factors. Frontiers in Psychology 11, 534485. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.534485
  39. Mahmood Aziz, Hassan, Baban Jabbar Othman, Bayar Gardi, Shahla Ali Ahmed, Bawan Yassin Sabir, Nechirwan Burhan Ismael, Pshdar Abdalla Hamza, Sarhang Sorguli, Bayad Jamal Ali, and Govand Anwar. (2021). Employee Commitment: The Relationship between Employee Commitment and Job Satisfaction. Journal of Humanities and Education Development 3(3), 54–66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22161/jhed.3.3.6
  40. Mamdani, Kaneez Fatima, and Safia Minhaj. (2016). Effects of Motivational Incentives on Employees’ Performance: A Case Study of Banks of Karachi, Pakistan. South East Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law 9(2), 32–39.
  41. Mihaela, Rus, Sandu Mihaela Luminita, Cheval Claudia Gabriela, and Ene Bianca Elena. (2022). The Relationship between Self-Esteem and the Employees’ Motivation in Work of State Organizations. Technium Soc. Sci. J. 32, 502. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v32i1.6749
  42. Moonlight, Beatrice. (2020). Non-Monetary Reward and Employee Performance in Parastatal Organisations in Uganda: A Case Study of Civil Aviation Authority.
  43. Mugira, Ahmad. (2022). Leadership Perspective Employee Satisfaction Analysis. AKADEMIK: Jurnal Mahasiswa Humanis 2(3), 127–35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37481/jmh.v2i3.477
  44. Nwachukwu, Chijioke, Hieu Minh Vu, Helena Chládková, and Richard Selase Agboga. (2022). Psychological Empowerment and Employee Engagement: Role of Job Satisfaction and Religiosity in Nigeria. Industrial and Commercial Training 54(4), 666–87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ICT-05-2022-0028
  45. Özaslan, Gökhan, and Aslı Özaslan. (2023). Using Expectancy Theory as a Lens for Exploring the Reasons behind Teachers’ Lack of Motivation for Self-Development in Online Teaching. Behaviour & Information Technology 42(12), 1931–45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2022.2103026
  46. Paais, Maartje, and Jozef R. Pattiruhu. (2020). Effect of Motivation, Leadership, and Organizational Culture on Satisfaction and Employee Performance. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business 7(8), 577–88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no8.577
  47. Pongton, Pongpipat, and Sid Suntrayuth. (2019). Communication Satisfaction, Employee Engagement, Job Satisfaction, and Job Performance in Higher Education Institutions. Abac Journal 39(3), 90–110.
  48. Riaz, Haseeb, Ch Shoaib Akhtar, and Ramsha Aslam. (2018). Total Rewards and Employee Performance: Investigating the Mediating Role of Employee Motivation in Telecom Sector. Pakistan Administrative Review 2(3), 342–56.
  49. Rivaldo, Yandra, and Septa Diana Nabella. (2023). Employee Performance: Education, Training, Experience and Work Discipline. Calitatea 24(193), 182–88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/24.193.20
  50. Riyanto, Setyo, Endri Endri, and Novita Herlisha. (2021). Effect of Work Motivation and Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance: Mediating Role of Employee Engagement. Problems and Perspectives in Management 19(3), 162. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(3).2021.14
  51. Robin, Robin, Fendi Hidayat, Chablullah Wibisono, Indrayani Indrayani, and Muammar Khaddafi. (2023). The Impact of Awards on Intrinsic Motivation and Job Satisfaction of Multi-Level Marketing Members in Riau Islands Province, Indonesia. International Journal of Finance, Economics and Business 2(2), 142–49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56225/ijfeb.v2i2.211
  52. Salman, Mohammad, Showkat Ahmad Ganie, and Imran Saleem. (2020). Employee Competencies as Predictors of Organizational Performance: A Study of Public and Private Sector Banks. Management and Labour Studies 45(4), 416–32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0258042X20939014
  53. Sembiring, Nurdin, Umar Nimran, Endang Siti Astuti, and Hamidah Nayati Utami. (2020). The Effects of Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Justice on Job Satisfaction, Caring Climate, and Criminal Investigation Officers’ Performance. International Journal of Organizational Analysis 28(5), 1113–30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-10-2019-1908
  54. Sitopu, Yoel Brando, Kevin Arianda Sitinjak, and Feny Krisna Marpaung. (2021). The Influence of Motivation, Work Discipline, and Compensation on Employee Performance. Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management 1(2), 72–83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52970/grhrm.v1i2.79
  55. Van Laer, Koen, and Caroline Essers. (2023). The Regulation of Religion by Secular Work Practice: Exploring Muslim Employees’ Performance of Religious Practice. Journal of Management 01492063231161344. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063231161344
  56. Wae-esor, Emeela, Azizi Bin Abu Bakar, and Hoe Chee Hee. (2015). The Impact of Islamic Workplace Accommodation Towards Job Satisfaction Among Muslim Public Health Employees in Pattani Province, Thailand. Journal of Global Business and Social Entrepreneurship (GBSE) 1(1), 35–41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2016.08.122
  57. Yao, Sheng, Xingyu Wang, Heyao Yu, and Priyanko Guchait. (2019). Effectiveness of Error Management Training in the Hospitality Industry: Impact on Perceived Fairness and Service Recovery Performance. International Journal of Hospitality Management 79, 78–88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.12.009
  58. Zhang, Min, and Yixuan Zhao. (2021). Job Characteristics and Millennial Employees’ Creative Performance: A Dual-Process Model. Chinese Management Studies 15(4), 876–900. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/CMS-07-2020-0317

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>