Socio-Eco Packages and Environmental Factors – An Analysis from Balochistan

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##

Dr. Rizwan Khan
Amanullah
Muhammad Irfan Malik
Sarfraz Ahmed

Abstract

This study examines the impact of the Socio-Economic packages announced over the past two decades for Balochistan by the Federal Government / State on Political, Social, Economic, Security, and other environmental factors, predicting the future of the province. It adopts a qualitative research design with a historical, descriptive approach using interview-based primary data collection along with the study of published and unpublished documents of government and private sources. Since the rise of President Gen (R) Pervaiz Musharaf to the premier office of Pakistan, the Federal Government undertook five ventures to support Balochistan on its way to progress. However, mismanagement and bad governance failed the very spirit of the initiatives, and the results couldn’t be achieved. The findings of the study conclude that the announcement of socio-eco packages would have proved to be beneficial towards achieving specific goals set if the welfare and development schemes had been carried out and monitored through agencies/intermediaries other than the local political or parliamentary leadership. Environmental factors, especially political factors, are directly impacted by the implementation of these packages. This study presented its analyses by interviewing the people linked with academia and the administration only owing to time constraints. However, future research should include the views of other groups directly or indirectly linked with the prevailing situation in the province, thus addressing the limitations of the present study.

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

How to Cite
[1]
Khan, R. , Amanullah, Malik, M.I. and Ahmed, S. 2024. Socio-Eco Packages and Environmental Factors – An Analysis from Balochistan. Journal of Policy Research. 10, 2 (Jun. 2024), 749–758. DOI:https://doi.org/10.61506/02.00294.

References

  1. Ahmad, N., Iqbal, S., Ali, Z., Jabeen, R., & Imran, M. (2024). Bridging the Gap: Secondary School Teachers' Perspectives on Behavioral Barriers to Academic Success. Al-Qanṭara, 10(2), 144-162.
  2. Ahmed, M. R., Mushtaq, N., & Dahri, K. H. (2023). The Effect of Learning Vocabulary Through Games for Undergraduate and ESL Learners. International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 4(3), 319-331.
  3. Ali, Z., Younis, S., Ahmad, N., Saba, F., & Ullah, N. (2023). Teachers’ Perspective of Technology Integration Effects on Students Learning At University Level. GRADIVA, 62(5), 29–38.
  4. Asim S. T., Raziq H., Zahid U., Sibt e Ali M., (2023). The Enigma of Balochistan’s Socio-Economic Deprivation and The Way Forward. iRASD Journal of Economics Volume 5 (2), 260 – 271 https://doi.org/10.52131/joe.2023.0502.0126 DOI: https://doi.org/10.52131/joe.2023.0502.0126
  5. Aslam, R., Iqbal, S., & Ahmed, N. (2022). Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on Students’ entrepreneurial Inclination: A Case of Public Sector Universities. Pakistan Journal of Educational Research, 5(1), 51–65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52337/pjer.v5i1.432
  6. Associated Press of Pakistan (2020, November, 19). Govt announces Rs600 billion development package for southern Balochistan. The Express Tribune (November 19, 2020) https://tribune.com.pk/story/2272835/govt-announces-rs600-billion-development-package-for-southern-balochistan
  7. Aziz A., Abdul W., Noor M., (2020). Tracer Study of Socio-economic and demographic Impacts of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) for Women in Baluchistan, Pakistan Social Sciences Review, 4(3), 824-838. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2020(4-III)58
  8. Baloch, M. H., Khowaja, I. A., & Lohana, K. (2018). Effect Of China–Pakistan Economic Relations To The Economic Growth Of Balochistan: A Case Study Of Gwadar Port. Journal of Grassroot, 52(1), 10-15.
  9. Balochistan Education Endowment Fund. (2024). https://beef.org.pk/
  10. Cooley, A. A., & Heathershaw, J. (2017). Dictators without borders: Power and money in Central Asia: Yale University Press.
  11. Haider, K., Ahmad, N., & Ali, Z. (2024). Problems and challenges faced by non-Muslim students in achieving higher education at universities of Pakistan: An evaluative study. Spry Contemporary Educational Practices, 3(1), 265–290. https://doi.org/10.62681/sprypublishers.scep/3/1/15 DOI: https://doi.org/10.62681/sprypublishers.scep/3/1/15
  12. Imran, M., & Akhtar, N. (2023). Impact of Ethical Leadership Practices on Teachers’ Psychological Safety and Performance: A Case of Primary School Heads in Karachi-Pakistan. Academy of Education and Social Sciences Review, 3(2), 172-181. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48112/aessr.v3i2.505
  13. Imran, M., Ahmad, N., Al-Harthy, A. A. Q., & Jat, Z. G. (2023). Early Identification and Intervention: Amplifying the Voice of Slow Learners. AITU Scientific Research Journal, 1(4), 17–25.
  14. Iqbal, K. (2017). Significance and security of CPEC: A Pakistani perspective. China Int'l Stud., 66, 132.
  15. Jabeen, M., Ali, Z., & Ahmad, N. (2023). Factor Effecting on Quality Teaching Learning at Public Sector Schools in Karachi Pakistan. Journal of Educational Research and Social Sciences Review (JERSSR), 3(1), 92–98.
  16. Jamil, M., Anwar, M., & Ali, M. J. (2024). Developing critical thinking skills in English classrooms at the secondary level: Teachers’perspective. Journal of Social Sciences Development, 3(1), 76-85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53664/JSSD/03-01-2024-07-76-85
  17. Jamil, M., Arif, F., & Shahzadi, U. (2024). Integration of core life skills in Pakistan Studies textbook grade IX. International Journal of Social Science Archives, 7(2), 870-876.
  18. Jamil, M., Aslam, M., & Ali, S. (2024). Single National Curriculum (SNC) for Social Studies (2020): Document analysis for development of critical thinking skills at the primary level. Pakistan Journal of Law, Analysis and Wisdom, 3(2), 67-74.
  19. Jamil, M., Chohan, I. R., & Tabassum, R. (2024). LIFE SKILLS INTEGRATION IN PAKISTAN STUDIES TEXTBOOK GRADE-XII: A QUALITATIVE CONTENT ANALYSIS. Journal of Social Sciences Development, 3(3), 17-27.
  20. Jamil, M., Hafeez, F. A., & Muhammad, N. (2024). Critical thinking development for 21st century: Analysis of Physics curriculum. Journal of Social & Organizational Matters, 3(1), 1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56976/jsom.v3i1.45
  21. Jamil, M., Hassan, M. A., & Godil, D. I. (2024). Life Skills Integration in English Textbook Grade 5: A Qualitative Content Analysis. Research Journal for Societal Issues, 6(3), 23-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56976/rjsi.v6i3.255
  22. Jamil, M., Jabeen, M., & Moin, M. (2024). Life Skills in Biology textbook Grade IX: A Qualitative content analysis. Journal of Policy Research, 10(2), 429-434. DOI: https://doi.org/10.61506/02.00252
  23. Jamil, M., Mehmood, W., & Noorani, Z. (2024). An Analysis of Physics Textbook Grade X for Critical Thinking Skills Development. Pakistan Journal of Law, Analysis and Wisdom, 3(4), 39-47.
  24. Jamil, M., Mehmood, W., & Saleem, A. (2024). Biology textbook grade X (2020): Analysis for the development of higher order thinking skills among secondary school science students. Global Regional Review (GRR), 9(1), 29-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-I).03
  25. Jamil, M., Mehmood, W., & Shah, F. u. H. (2024). Development of critical thinking skills among secondary school science students: An analysis of Chemistry textbook grade IX (2020). Global Educational Studies Review, 9(1), 13-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2024(IX-I).02
  26. Jamil, M., Muhammad, N., & Aslam, M. (2024). Critical thinking skills development: An analysis of mathematics curriculum 2006 (Grade-wise). Global Social Sciences Review, 9(1), 22-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-I).03
  27. Jamil, M., & Muhammad, Y. (2019). Teaching science students to think critically: Understanding secondary school teachers' practices. Journal of Research & Reflections in Education (JRRE), 13(2), 256-272.
  28. Jamil, M., Muhammad, Y., & Qureshi, N. (2021a). Critical thinking skills development: Secondary school science teachers’ perceptions and practices. Sir Syed Journal of Education & Social Research (SJESR), 4(2), 21-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol4-iss2-2021(21-30)
  29. Jamil, M., Muhammad, Y., & Qureshi, N. (2021b). Secondary School Science Teachers’ Practices for the Development of Critical Thinking Skills: An Observational Study. Journal of Development and Social Sciences, 2(4), 259-265. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2021(2-IV)22
  30. Jamil, M., ul Ain, Q., & Chohan, I. R. (2024). Integration of Core Life Skills in Physics Textbook Grade X: A Qualitative Content Analysis. Pakistan Journal of Law, Analysis and Wisdom, 3(6), 119-131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53664/JSSD/03-03-2024-02-17-27
  31. Javaid, U. (2010). Concerns of Balochistan: Effects and implications on federation of Pakistan. Journal of political studies, 17(2), 114-123.
  32. Kagabo, D. M., Bangirana, P., Burnside, G., Chiumento, A., Duarte, R., Gishoma, D., . . . Kasujja, R. (2023). Community based sociotherapy for depressive symptomatology of Congolese refugees in Rwanda and Uganda (CoSTAR): a protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 14(1), 215-281. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/20008066.2022.2151281 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/20008066.2022.2151281
  33. M. A., Zubari (2019, September, 14). Khushal Balochistan Programme: COAS briefed about progress on projects. Business Recorder. https://www.brecorder.com/news/4721367
  34. Muhammad, Y. (2015). Pakistani national identity, cultural diversity and global perspective: A policy trajectory study of the national curriculum for secondary school Pakistan Studies in Punjab [Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Tasmania]. Tasmania.
  35. Muhammad, Y., & Brett, P. (2020). Infusing cultural diversity into Pakistan Studies textbooks: An analysis of textbooks and teachers’ perspectives. In M. S. Pervez (Ed.), Radicalization in Pakistan: A Critical Perspective (pp. 61-76). Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003107897-5
  36. Muhammad, Y., Safdar, S., & Saif, S. (2024). Navigating the landscape of qualitative research methods in Pakistan: Opportunities, challenges, and future directions. Journal of Asian Development Studies, 13(2), 1144-1155. https://doi.org/10.62345/jads.2024.13.2.90 DOI: https://doi.org/10.62345/jads.2024.13.2.90
  37. Naeem, S., Ali, Z., & Ahmed, N. (2022). Evaluation of the Causes of Interest Decline in the Subject of Chemistry amongst Secondary and Higher Secondary School Students in Karachi Pakistan. International Journal of Social Science & Entrepreneurship, 2(2), 175–184. https://doi.org/10.58661/ijsse.v2i2.48 DOI: https://doi.org/10.58661/ijsse.v2i2.48
  38. Naseer, H., Muhammad, Y., & Jamil, M. (2022). Critical thinking skills in Pakistan Studies textbook: Qualitative content analysis. Pakistan Journal of Social Research, 4(3), 744-755. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i03.764
  39. Nawaz-ul-Huda S., Farkhunda B., Azam M., (2011). Socio-economic disparities in Balochistan, Pakistan – A multivariate analysis, Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 7(4), 38 – 50.
  40. Phulpoto, S. A. J., Anjum, T., Ahmed, S. T., Memon, S. A., Rehman, M. U., & Imran, M. (2024). A phenomenological study of administrative issues and challenges faced by secondary school headmasters in district Lasbela. institutions (Sain, 2023), 25(3).
  41. Saima B., (2024). Balochistan: The Significance of Regional and Global Players, Orient Research Journal of Social Sciences, 9(1), 47-54.
  42. Thomas, M., Khan, A. H., & Ahmad, N. (2022). Way forward for post pandemic online teaching: A case of higher education in Pakistan. Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS), 3(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.1
  43. Yaseen, Z., & Muzaffar, M. (2018). Extremism in Pakistan: Issues and Challenges, Journal of Politics and International Studies, 4 (I), 31-42
  44. Yaseen, Z., Muzaffar, M., & Shahbaz, K. (2023). Pakistan-China Defense Cooperation: Opportunities and Challenges, Asian Journal of Academic Research, 4(3), 95-107.
  45. Zafar, M. (2015, August 06). Package of inducements: PM gives green light to Balochistan package. The Express Tribune. https://tribune.com.pk/story/933748/package-of-inducements-pm-gives-green-light-to-balochistan-package
  46. Zahid Gishkori, (2011, March, 07). Aghaz-e-Haqooq-e-Balochistan: Reform package stopped in its tracks. The Express Tribune. https://tribune.com.pk/story/128835/aghaz-e-haqooq-e-balochistan-reform-package-stopped-in-its-tracks