The Role of Financial Transparency in Attracting FDI to Pakistan: An Investor's Perspective

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##

Dr. Muhammad Ali Gardezi
Faisal Nawaz
Muhammad Sheherayr

Abstract

This study examines the key factors influencing Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Pakistan, focusing on economic growth, job creation, political stability, financial transparency, and regulatory challenges. Data were collected from 130 company managers in Pakistan through a survey, analyzing their perceptions of the role of FDI in shaping investment decisions. The findings reveal that economic growth (Mean: 4.32) and job creation (Mean: 4.12) are viewed as the most significant benefits of FDI, while political stability (Mean: 4.20) and financial transparency (Mean: 4.61) play crucial roles in building investor confidence. However, corruption (Mean: 4.23) and regulatory gaps (Mean: 4.58) are major hindrances to achieving greater financial transparency and attracting more FDI. The study compares these findings with international research, underscoring the universal importance of transparent financial reporting, stable political environments, and investor-friendly policies. The study concludes that addressing corruption issues, improving regulatory frameworks, and enhancing financial transparency are essential for Pakistan to maximize its FDI potential and support long-term economic growth.

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

How to Cite
[1]
Gardezi, M.A. , Nawaz, F. and Sheherayr, M. 2024. The Role of Financial Transparency in Attracting FDI to Pakistan: An Investor’s Perspective. Journal of Policy Research. 10, 3 (Sep. 2024), 266–271. DOI:https://doi.org/10.61506/02.00342.

References

  1. Ahmed, K., & Anwar, S. (2017). Determinants of foreign direct investment in Pakistan: An empirical analysis. Journal of Business & Economic Policy, 4(2), 54-64.
  2. Akbar, M., & Akhtar, S. (2019). Financial transparency and its impact on foreign direct investment in Pakistan. Pakistan Economic Review, 58(4), 127-145.
  3. Blomström, M., & Kokko, A. (2003). The economics of foreign direct investment incentives. NBER Working Paper Series, No. 9489. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3386/w9489
  4. Borensztein, E., Gregorio, J. D., & Lee, J. W. (1998). How does foreign direct investment affect economic growth? Journal of International Economics, 45(1), 115-135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1996(97)00033-0
  5. Bushman, R., & Smith, A. (2001). Financial accounting information and corporate governance. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 32(1-3), 237-333. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-4101(01)00027-1
  6. Busse, M., & Hefeker, C. (2007). Political risk, institutions and foreign direct investment. European Journal of Political Economy, 23(2), 397-415. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2006.02.003
  7. Djankov, S., McLiesh, C., & Shleifer, A. (2007). Private credit in 129 countries. Journal of Financial Economics, 84(2), 299-329. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2006.03.004
  8. Dunning, J. H. (1998). Location and the multinational enterprise: A neglected factor? Journal of International Business Studies, 29(1), 45-66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490024
  9. Farooq, F., Aurangzaib, Faheem, M., & Gardezi, M. A. (2022). Dynamic common correlated effects of public debt on energy poverty alleviation in OIC member countries: Does institutional performance matter? Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Science, 16(4).
  10. Farooq, F., Gardezi, M. A., & Safdar, N. (2020). How do population and poverty affect environmental degradation in developing countries? A panel data analysis. Review of Applied Management and Social Sciences (RAMSS), 3(1).
  11. Gardezi, M. A., & Chaudhry, I. S. (2022). Globalization and energy consumption: Empirical implications for income inequality in developing countries. Review of Economics and Development Studies, 8(2), 111–125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47067/reads.v8i2.440
  12. Gardezi, M., Qayyum, A., Zaib, A., & Pervaiz, M. (2024). Investigating the linkages: Energy consumption, institutional quality, and environmental quality in Pakistan. International Journal of Social Science Archives, 7(1), 283–295. Retrieved from https://www.ijssa.com
  13. Gardezi, M., Zaib, A., Faridi, M. Z., James, S., & Karim, Y. (2023). Investigating the impact of globalization and energy consumption on the environment in developing countries: Does environmental sustainability exist? Journal of Positive School Psychology, 2023(3).
  14. Gelb, A. (2010). Information asymmetry and economic development: The case of financial transparency. World Development, 38(10), 1331-1343.
  15. Globerman, S., & Shapiro, D. (2002). Global foreign direct investment flows: The role of governance infrastructure. World Development, 30(11), 1899-1919. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(02)00110-9
  16. Hussain, S., & Iqbal, Z. (2015). The role of regulatory framework in enhancing financial transparency in Pakistan. Journal of Corporate Finance, 6(2), 15-27.
  17. International Monetary Fund (IMF). (2019). Pakistan: Economic outlook and policy framework. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund.
  18. Javed, T., & Ahmed, M. (2018). Empirical analysis of FDI determinants in Pakistan. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 8(3), 24-32.
  19. Kaufmann, D., & Wei, S. J. (1999). Does “grease money” speed up the wheels of commerce? NBER Working Paper Series, No. 7093. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3386/w7093
  20. Khan, A., & Khan, H. (2016). Financial transparency and its impact on foreign direct investment in Pakistan. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 6(2), 173-183.
  21. Khan, R. E. A., & Zaman, K. (2017). Corruption, governance and economic growth: Pakistan's experience. Global Business Review, 18(3), 1-13.
  22. Leuz, C., & Wysocki, P. (2016). The economics of disclosure and financial reporting regulation: Evidence and suggestions for future research. Journal of Accounting Research, 54(2), 525-622. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12115
  23. Leuz, C., Lins, K. V., & Warnock, F. E. (2010). Do foreigners invest less in poorly governed firms? Review of Financial Studies, 23(3), 3245-3285. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhn089.ra
  24. Qureshi, I., & Anwar, M. (2018). The role of technology in enhancing financial transparency in Pakistan. Journal of Business Ethics, 149(3), 563-577.
  25. Rana, M. S., & Alam, S. (2016). The adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in Pakistan. Journal of Finance and Accounting, 4(1), 31-40.
  26. Raza, S. (2020). The gap between policy and practice in financial transparency: A case study of Pakistan. Journal of Policy Reform, 23(4), 567-588.
  27. Shahbaz, M. (2013). Financial development and economic growth in Pakistan: A new evidence. Journal of Economic Studies, 40(4), 68-82.
  28. Stiglitz, J. E. (2002). Information and the change in the paradigm in economics. American Economic Review, 92(3), 460-501. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/00028280260136363
  29. Transparency International. (2020). Corruption perceptions index. Retrieved from https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2020.
  30. Wei, S. J. (2000). How taxing is corruption on international investors? Review of Economics and Statistics, 82(1), 1-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1162/003465300558533
  31. World Bank. (2020). Doing business 2020: Pakistan. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1596/33651